In general, Shuku-Bo means an accommodation facility annexed to a temple. Originally, it was to serve priests, congregations, parishioners or visitors as the base for their religious activities. Also, Shuku-Bo was a place where visitors received purification and/or orientation on manners of visiting a temple/shrine.
In Edo Period (1603-1868) pilgrimage to temples and shrines became a popular leisure of general public, such as visiting Ise Shrine, Kompira Shrine or Zenko-ji Temple. In order to accommodate increasing number of pilgrims, major temples and shrines started to build Shuku-Bo to serve them as a place of San-Ro (confinement in a temple/shrine for a certain period to pray), and more and more Shuku-Bo were built across the country.
In early Meiji Era (1868-1912), Haibutsu Kishaku movement (abolish Buddhism, destroy Shakamuni) broke out. As the movement intensified, Shuku-Bo, a place to propagate Buddhism, inevitably began to decrease in number.

Responsibility for the wording of this article :
Regional Shrines/Temples Tourism Council

References:
“A form of Shuku-Bo observed in Kurama-Dera pilgrimage in medieval age ? a linch-pin between the temple and people”
authored by Hidetoshi Noji. The article appeared in the 35th issue of 『The Oryo shigaku』in 2009.